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Surgical Sperm Retrieval

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    Dr Shivani Sachdev Gour

    MBBS, MD – Obstetrics & Gynaecology, DNB – Obstetrics & Gynecology, Infertility Specialist

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    surgical-sperm-retrieval

    What is Surgical Sperm Retrieval (SSR)?

    Surgical Sperm Retrieval (SSR) is a set of advanced procedures used to extract sperm directly from the testicles or the epididymis in men who have little to no sperm in their ejaculate. It is commonly used in cases of male infertility where natural ejaculation does not provide viable sperm for assisted reproductive techniques like IVF or ICSI.

    SSR is performed by experienced andrologists or urologists, often in combination with IVF-ICSI treatment, allowing men with very low or absent sperm counts to become biological fathers.

    Why is SSR Done?

    SSR is recommended in the following cases:

    1. Obstructive Azoospermia – Sperm is produced but is blocked due to vasectomy, congenital absence of the vas deferens, or infections.

    2. Non-obstructive Azoospermia – Testicles produce very low or no sperm due to hormonal or genetic issues.

    3. Failed Ejaculation or Retrograde Ejaculation – Sperm does not exit the penis during ejaculation or goes into the bladder.

    4. Spinal cord injury or neurological conditions – Where natural ejaculation is not possible.

    5. As a backup during IVF/ICSI when sperm production is unpredictable.

    How to Prepare for SSR

    Before undergoing SSR, the male partner will undergo:

    • Semen analysis – To confirm azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate).
    • Hormonal profiling – FSH, LH, testosterone to understand testicular function.
    • Genetic testing – If needed, to rule out Y-chromosome microdeletions or Klinefelter syndrome.
    • Scrotal Ultrasound – To assess the structure of the testicles and epididymis.
    • Infectious screening – For diseases like HIV, Hepatitis B & C.

    Based on the diagnosis, the appropriate type of SSR procedure is selected.

    Types of Surgical Sperm Retrieval Procedures

    1. PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration)

      • A needle is inserted into the epididymis to aspirate sperm.
      • Performed under local anesthesia.
      • Ideal for men with obstructive azoospermia.
    2. TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)
      • A needle is inserted into the testicle to withdraw sperm-containing fluid.
      • Done under local anesthesia.
      • Used in both obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia.
    3. TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction)
      • A small incision is made to extract a tissue sample from the testicle.
      • More invasive but may yield better sperm count.
      • Used when aspiration techniques fail.
    4. Micro-TESE (Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction)<
      • A high-powered operating microscope is used to identify and extract the best seminiferous tubules containing sperm.
      • Requires general anesthesia.
      • Preferred in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia.

    All retrieved sperm is examined under a microscope and, if viable, used for ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) or cryopreserved for future use.

    Risks and Complications of SSR

    Although SSR is generally safe, possible risks include:

    • Mild pain or swelling at the surgical site.
    • Infection or bruising (rare).
    • Bleeding or hematoma in the scrotum.
    • Scarring or damage to the testicular tissue (especially in repeated procedures).
    • Emotional stress due to uncertainty in sperm retrieval outcomes.

    At SCI IVF Hospital, strict infection control protocols and expert surgical skills minimize such risks significantly.

    SSR Results

    • The success of SSR depends on the underlying condition and type of procedure.
    • In cases of obstructive azoospermia, success rates can reach 90–100%.
    • In non-obstructive azoospermia, Micro-TESE may offer success rates of 30–50%.
    • If viable sperm is retrieved, it can be used immediately for IVF/ICSI or frozen for later cycles.

    Why Choose SCI IVF Hospital for Surgical Sperm Retrieval?

    At SCI IVF Hospital, Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour and her multidisciplinary fertility team offer state-of-the-art facilities for SSR. We:

    • Use advanced microsurgical techniques for higher success.
    • Maintain optimal lab conditions for sperm preservation.
    • Offer emotional counseling and support throughout the process.
    • Provide individualized treatment plans based on thorough diagnosis.

    Whether as part of your first fertility attempt or following a failed ICSI-IVF cycle, SSR at SCI IVF Hospital provides hope for couples facing severe male infertility.

    Contact Us Today

    Begin your journey to parenthood with expert care.
    Consult with Dr. Shivani Sachdev Gour at SCI IVF Hospital today!

    📧 Email: sciivfhospitalindia@gmail.com
    📱 Call/WhatsApp:     +91-8882563400